+NROFF
USAGE: nroff (-v or -p) (-i) (-Stable) ä filelist... å
SYNOPSIS: nroff formats text in the named files printing or display.  The
options are as follows:
   -v: video output
   -p: printer output
   -i: interactive setup mode.
   -Stable:  use your own symbol table.  Follow the example provided in the
             program 'make'.
See the 'Introduction to nroff/uroff' section of 'intro' for more specific
information on document processing.  The help screen for nroff/uroff commands
can be seen from emacs by typing ESC-x nroff.

+OD
USAGE: % od ä -format å ä filename å
SYNOPSIS: Display a binary file in one of the following formats:
  a - ASCII
  h - hexadecimal
  o - octal
(example:  % od -a file  will display 'file' in ASCII format.)

+PAGESIZE
USAGE: % pagesize ä n å
SYNOPSIS: PAGESIZE sets the length of a page, to be used with MORE.

+PASSWD
USAGE: % passwd
SYNOPSIS: Change your login password.  You will enter the password twice to
assure that it is correct.

+PIPE
A pipeline connects the output of one command to the input of the next.  A 
common usage would be: ls ◤ lpr, which would send the output of ls to the
printer.  NOTE: few pipe combinations will be acceptable to Unix 128 v3.00.

+PLAY
USAGE: play ä string å   or  play -f ä file å
SYNOPSIS:  Play music.  play is identical to the Basic 7.0 'play' command.  The
string may consist of the notes abcdefg, the elements #$whqis.rm, and the
commands vN,oN,tN,uN and xN.  If the -f flag is used, a music file may be
played.  A music file may contain any valid notes or commands, as well as
carriage returns for clarity, and övol nn and ötempo nn, which are the same as
the BASIC 7.0 vol and tempo commands.  See your Basic manual under PLAY, TEMPO,
and VOL for more information.

+PR
USAGE: % pr  (-n) ä filename å
SYNOPSIS: Print a file with n column output.  The default output is 80 columns.
If n>80, the printer is set to condensed mode, if available.  See LPR.

+PROMPT
USAGE: % prompt=(promptstring)
SYNOPSIS:  Set the prompt to prompt string.  The character '/' will be replaced
by the name of the current directory.  If you want to use spaces in the prompt,
use  "hard spaces" (SHIFT-space).  Example: % prompt=ä/å %    --->   ärootå %

+PS
USAGE: % ps
SYNOPSIS: Show the last few processes run and their process ID numbers.
See KILL.

+PUZZLE
USAGE: % puzzle
SYNOPSIS:  This is the classic tile game with 15 numbered tiles and 1 blank
tile.  The object is to get the numbers back into ascending order.

+PWD
USAGE: % pwd
SYNOPSIS:  Display current directory name and path ("print working directory").

+QUOTA
USAGE: % quota
SYNOPSIS:  Display free and used disk space on the current device.

+REPEAT
USAGE: % repeat äcountå äcommandå
SYNOPSIS:  Repeat command count times.  Command is subject to the same
restrictions as if it were issued singly.  Repeat will NOT work across shell
swaps.

+RM
USAGE: % rm (-i, -f) äfilenameå
SYNOPSIS: Remove (scratch) a file from the diskette and from the current
directory.  You may specify -i to be asked whether or not you wish to delete
the specified file(s), or -f to force the remove operation without asking.  -i 
is the default.

+RMDIR
USAGE: % rmdir ä dir å
SYNOPSIS: Remove a directory/subdirectory.  Warning:  no checking is done to
see whether the directory is empty!

+ROT13
USAGE: % rot13 ä filename å
SYNOPSIS: Parse a text file through ROT13, an encoding routine that shifts the
value of each letter by thirteen places (i.e. A -> N, B -> O, Z -> M).

+RUN
USAGE: % run ä filename å
SYNOPSIS: Execute a binary file created with 'as' (a machine language routine
beginning with the 2 byte starting address and ending with a rts ($60)).
Example:  % run a.out

+SCREENDUMP
USAGE: % screendump
SYNOPSIS:  screendump copies the current video screen to the standard output.
To be of any use, the command should be followed by an output re-direction,
such as  screendump ◤ lpr  or  screendump >file.

+SCRIPTS
Scripts are a convenient way to enter multiple commands (for example, the
.login is a special form of script).  Create a file (with emacs or
cat>filename) where the first character is a '!'.  Then enter the commands you
would like issued.  Example:
          !alloc
          alias
          iostat
Now, simply type the filename.  UNIX will recognize the file as a script and
execute it by executing each command in series.  Note:  scripts won't work
across shell swaps.

+SEMICOLON (;)
The semicolon is used to separate multiple commands entered on the same command
line, for example % LS ; IOSTAT ; ALLOC.

+SH
USAGE: % sh ä file.shar å
SYNOPSIS: Un-archive a shar archive.   See SHAR

+SHAR
USAGE: % shar ä filelist... å > ä output.shar å
SYNOPSIS: Archive multiple text files into a single file, dissolvable with SH.

+SIZE
USAGE: % size ä file å
SYNOPSIS: Returns the size, in Kb, of the specified file.

+SPLIT
USAGE: % split ä n å ä filename å
SYNOPSIS: split reads the input file and breaks it into n-line segments for
easier editing, transmission etc.  n defaults to 250 lines.  split writes the
files as the input filename followed by "0", "1",... (example: 'file'  -->
file0, file1, file2... )

+SPREAD
USAGE: % spread
SYNOPSIS: spread is the general-purpose spreadsheet for use under Unix 128.
The complete reference can be seen from within spread by typing CTRL-h.

+TAIL
USAGE: % tail -änå ä filelist... å
SYNOPSIS: Display the last n lines of the specified files.

+TAR
USAGE: % tar -c ä tarfile å ä filelist...å   or  % tar -x ä tarfile å
SYNOPSIS:  tar is the tape archive program, used to make or extract files
compatible with the unix tar format.  To create a tarfile, specify -c
('Create') followed by the name of the tarfile to create and a list of files to
copy to the tarfile.  If the filelist contains a directory name, all of the
files in that directory will be included in the tarfile (beware: subdirectories
and their files are also included!).  To extract a tarfile, specify -x
('eXtract') and the name of the tarfile.  tar seems to be compatible with
mainframe-created tarfiles.  Note that both creation and extraction of tarfiles
under Unix 128 are very time- and disk-consuming.  Also, text files tar'ed
under mainframe-unix will extract in ASCII format (cASES rEVERSED); 
% dd -s oldfile newfile  will fix this.

+TIME
USAGE: % time
SYNOPSIS: Show the date and time.

+TIP
USAGE: % tip
SYNOPSIS: TIP, the telephone interface protocol, is a terminal program that
supports raw, VT52 and limited VT100 terminal emulation, as well as a full
range of protocol settings, ASCII uploading, and text buffering.  See KEYS for
the keyboard map definition, and see the 'intro' document for more information
on tip.  See FTP for Unix128 to Unix128 file transfers.

+TR
USAGE: % tr ä string1 å ä string2 å ä filename å
SYNOPSIS: Read a file and replace all occurances of string1 with string2.  tr
prints to the standard output.  Example: to replace all the spaces in 'joe'
with 'e', type  % tr ' ' e joe.

+UNALIAS
USAGE: % unalias ä pattern å  or  % unalias *
SYNOPSIS: UNALIAS will discard aliases that match the given pattern.  All
aliases are removed by unalias *.

+UNLOCK
USAGE: % unlock ä filelist... å
SYNOPSIS: Unlock one or more files write-protected by 'lock'.  See lock.

+UPDATE
USAGE: % update
SYNOPSIS: Update the root directory from the disk.  After disk access, the root
directory is normally updated automatically.  UPDATE will copy the disk
directory to ROOT.DIR, but exclude any filenames that appear in any of the
subdirectories.  This command is the same as 'fsck'.

+UUCRYPT
USAGE: % uucrypt ä -d or -e å source-file  dest-file
SYNOPSIS: Like uuencode or uudecode, uucrypt will output a file consisting of
only printable ASCII characters (although for text files it is much more
efficient than uuencode).  In addition, uucrypt encrypts the file with an
alphabetic key (1-255 letters or numbers).  Thus, the same file can be
encrypted about 36↑255 ways - files can be QUITE secure.  -d signifies
decoding, and -e signifies encoding.  The source-file is the file to be
en/decoded, and the dest-file is the output file.

+UUDECODE
USAGE: % uudecode (-c) filename
SYNOPSIS: Decodes a file encoded by uuencode.  If the file is a text file, and
was uuencoded on a Unix mainframe, you should select the -c option, which
converts the text from ASCII to PETSCII as it decodes.  See UUENCODE.

+UUENCODE
USAGE: % uuencode (-c) inputfile outputfile
SYNOPSIS: Encodes a file (usually a binary) so that it can be transmitted
through standard mail.  The encoding scheme takes three bytes and converts them
into four printable characters (30% expansion of source file).  If the file is
a text file, and will be uudecoded on a Unix mainframe, you should select the
-c option, which converts the text from PETSCII to ASCII as it encodes.  See
UUDECODE.

+WC
USAGE: % wc -lwc ä filename å
SYNOPSIS: Count the lines, words and characters in a file.  You can specify any
combination of l, w, and c. (For example, to just show the number of lines,
type  % wc -l ä file å )

+WUMP
USAGE: % wump
SYNOPSIS:  This is a Unix 128 version of Gregory Yob's classic 'wumpus' game,
in which you must shoot the Wumpus before he eats you!

+YES
USAGE: % yes (string)
SYNOPSIS: YES is the repetitive affirmative command.  'YES string' will repeat
the string until CTRL-C is pressed ('y' is the default string).