start tok64 d64-fueGmM
0 REM"{delete*7} ponzo*82*waterloo
1 REM"{delete*7}
5 POKE53281,15:POKE53280,12:PRINT"{black}"
10 PRINT"{clear}{space*15}{reverse on}{blue}c64 tutor-7
15 PRINT"{red}{cm a}{sh asterisk*37}{cm s}"
20 PRINT"{sh -} {reverse on}{blue}{space*2}{.*3}and more machine language{.*3}{space*2}{red}{reverse off} {sh -}":ms$=" welcome! "
25 PRINT"{red}{cm z}{sh asterisk*37}{cm x}{black}"
35 GOSUB60000:GOSUB63100:GOSUB63000
40 GOSUB20000
45 PRINT"{clear}":PRINTsd$"recall that the {reverse on}6510{reverse off} has a"
50 PRINT"{down}number of internal registers{.*3}":GOSUB63000:PRINTa$x$y$
60 GOSUB39100:PRINT"some commands affect the numbers"
70 PRINT"contained in these registers..":GOSUB63000:PRINTsd$"{down}"
90 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}adc{reverse off} {reverse on}and{reverse off} {reverse on}asl{reverse off} {reverse on}cmp{reverse off} {reverse on}cpx{reverse off} {reverse on}cpy{reverse off} {reverse on}dec{reverse off} {reverse on}dex{reverse off} {reverse on}dey"
100 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}eor{reverse off} {reverse on}inc{reverse off} {reverse on}inx{reverse off} {reverse on}iny{reverse off} {reverse on}lda{reverse off} {reverse on}ldx{reverse off} {reverse on}ldy{reverse off} {reverse on}lsr{reverse off} {reverse on}ora"
110 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}pla{reverse off} {reverse on}plp{reverse off} {reverse on}rol{reverse off} {reverse on}ror{reverse off} {reverse on}rti{reverse off} {reverse on}sbc{reverse off} {reverse on}tax{reverse off} {reverse on}tsx{reverse off} {reverse on}txa"
120 PRINT"{down}..and {reverse on}tya{reverse off}!!":ms$="where's{reverse on}bit{reverse off}" :GOSUB63100:GOSUB63000
130 GOSUB39100:PRINT"the {reverse on}6510{reverse off} keeps track of whether"
140 PRINT"{down}one of these operations produces a {reverse on}z{reverse off}ero"
150 PRINT"{down}or {reverse on}n{reverse off}egative result..and, for {reverse on}adc{reverse off}"
160 PRINT"{down}and {reverse on}sbc{reverse off} (add & subtract), whether"
170 PRINT"{down}the operation produces an {reverse on}overflow{reverse off}.":GOSUB63000
180 GOSUB39100:PRINT"the {reverse on}p{reverse off}rocessor status register"
190 PRINT"{down}has 8 bits. three bits are devoted to"
200 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}n{reverse off}egative,o{reverse on}v{reverse off}erflow and {reverse on}z{reverse off}ero.":GOSUB63000:PRINTp$
210 POKEp(0),142:POKEp(1),150:POKEp(6),154:GOSUB63000
215 POKEp(0),32:POKEp(1),32:POKEp(6),32
220 GOSUB39100:PRINT"if an operation produces a {reverse on}n{reverse off}egative"
230 PRINT"{down}result,{reverse on}n=1{reverse off}":POKEp(0),177:GOSUB63000
240 GOSUB39100:PRINT"if it's not negative then {reverse on}n=0{reverse off}"
250 PRINT"{down}(meaning it's positive!)":POKEp(0),176:GOSUB63000
260 PRINT"{clear}a negative number has a '1'"
270 PRINT"{down}in the msb position."
280 PRINT"{down}if one of the operations which affect"
290 PRINT"{down}the a,x or y-registers is performed,"
300 PRINT"{down}and the msb of the result is '1', then"
310 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}n=1{reverse off}. it's that simple!":GOSUB63000
320 ms$="{space*2}{reverse on}n=msb{reverse off} ":GOSUB63100:GOSUB63000
330 PRINT"{clear}{reverse on}bmi $1234{reverse off} will test the {reverse on}n{reverse off}-bit and,"
340 PRINT"{down}if it's '1', will branch to $1234."
350 PRINT"{down}(since the 'result' is {reverse on}mi{reverse off}nus!)"
360 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bpl $1234{reverse off} will {reverse on}b{reverse off}ranch to $1234"
370 PRINT"{down}if the 'result' is {reverse on}pl{reverse off}us (n=0)."
380 PRINT"{down}if we {reverse on}lda #$d3{reverse off}, then n=1"
390 PRINT"{down}because $d0=11010011 in binary and msb=1"
400 PRINT"{down}so{down}{left*2}{cm u*2}{up}..{reverse on}bpl $1234{reverse off} will not{down}{left*3}{cm u*3}{up} take us"
410 PRINT"{down}to $1234.":ms$=" careful!!":GOSUB63000:GOSUB63100
420 PRINT"{clear}{space*9}{reverse on}the v-bit{reverse off}"
425 PRINT"{down}since the msb carries the 'sign' of a"
430 PRINT"{down}number (in 'signed arithmetic')"
440 PRINT"{down}then an {reverse on}adc{reverse off} or {reverse on}sbc{reverse off} which causes"
450 PRINT"{down}the next-to-msb to 'overflow' into the"
460 PRINT"{down}sign-bit will cause {reverse on}v=1{reverse off}."
470 PRINT"{down}if 'signed arithmetic' is not being"
480 PRINT"{down}performed then we can ignore the v-bit."
490 PRINT"{down}although {reverse on}adc{reverse off} and {reverse on}sbc{reverse off} may set v=1"
500 PRINT"{down}we can force v=0 with the command:"
510 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}clv{reverse off}={reverse on}cl{reverse off}ear the {reverse on}v{reverse off}-bit.":GOSUB63000:GOSUB10000
520 PRINT"{clear}it's often necessary to {reverse on}j{reverse off}u{reverse on}mp{reverse off} from"
530 PRINT"{down}one place to another in a program."
540 PRINT"{down}we can use: {reverse on}jmp $1234{reverse off}."
550 PRINT"{down}of course we{sh space}had better have some"
560 PRINT"{down}instructions at $1234!!"
570 PRINT"{down}if our program is at $1{0*3}-$2{0*3}"
590 PRINT"{down}and it has a {reverse on}jmp $1234{reverse off},that's ok."
600 PRINT"{down}if we{sh space}physically move this program to,"
610 PRINT"{down}say, $3{0*3} to $4{0*3} (perhaps to make"
620 PRINT"{down}room for some {reverse on}basic{reverse off} at $0801 to $2{0*3})"
630 PRINT"{down}then the relocated program should not"
640 PRINT"{down}have {reverse on}jmp $1234{reverse off} in it!!":GOSUB63000
650 PRINT"{clear}here's another use of the v-bit."
660 PRINT"{down}suppose we have {reverse on}jmp $1234{reverse off} located"
670 PRINT"{down}in our program at $1200-$1202."
680 PRINT"{down}$1200{space*2}$1201{space*2}$1202{space*3}$1203"
690 PRINT"{space*2}{reverse on}4c{reverse off}{space*5}{reverse on}34{reverse off}{space*5}{reverse on}12{reverse off}{space*5}***"
700 PRINT"{space*2}^jmp{space*3}^lo{space*4}^hi{space*3}^next"
710 PRINT"{space*2}^inst{space*2}^byte{space*2}^byte ^inst"
720 PRINT"{down}we would normally continue to the next"
730 PRINT"{down}instruction at ${reverse on}1203{reverse off} but,because of"
740 PRINT"{down}the {reverse on}jmp{reverse off}, we actually move ahead to $1234"
750 PRINT"{down}which is ${reverse on}31{reverse off} memory loc'ns farther on!":GOSUB63000
760 PRINT"{clear}we can perform a {reverse on}relative jump{reverse off}, by"
770 PRINT"{down}${reverse on}31{reverse off} memory locations, by writing:"
780 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}clv{space*5}{reverse off}=clear v-bit (set v=0)."
790 PRINT"{reverse on}bvc #$31{reverse off}=branch ahead $31 loc'ns if v=0"
800 PRINT"{down}this will take us to $1234 and the"
810 PRINT"{down}program is 'relocatable'!":GOSUB63000:PRINTsd$
820 PRINT"{down}$1200{space*2}$1201{space*2}$1202"
830 PRINT"{space*2}{reverse on}b8{reverse off}{space*5}{reverse on}50{reverse off}{space*5}{reverse on}31"
840 PRINT"{space*2}^clv{space*3}^bvc{space*3}^# loc'ns"
850 PRINT"{down}if we don't use {reverse on}jmp{reverse off}s, but 'relative"
860 PRINT"{down}branches' instead, our program will"
870 PRINT"{down}run anywhere in memory!":GOSUB63000
875 PRINT"{clear}{reverse on}confusing??{reverse off}":PRINT"{down}should we say {reverse on}bvc $1234{reverse off}"
876 PRINT"{down}or should we say {reverse on}bvc #$31{reverse off}?*!"
877 PRINT"{down}actually, although an 'assembler' such"
878 PRINT"{down}as {reverse on}micromon{reverse off} will allow us to say"
879 PRINT"{down}bvc $1234{reverse off}, the machine language code"
880 PRINT"{down}generated will read {reverse on}bvc #$31{reverse off}!!"
881 PRINT"{down}that is, the instruction will appear"
882 PRINT"{down}in memory as {reverse on}50{reverse off} {reverse on}31{reverse off}..meaning branch"
883 PRINT"{down}ahead $31 loc'ns if v=0.":GOSUB63000
885 PRINT"{clear}all {reverse on}b{reverse off}ranch instructions are 'relative':"
890 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bcs{reverse off}=branch if carry is set(c=1)"
900 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bcc{reverse off}=branch if carry is clear(c=0)"
910 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}beq{reverse off}=branch if z-bit is set(z=1)"
920 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bne{reverse off}=branch if z-bit is clear(z=0)"
930 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bmi{reverse off}=branch if n-bit is set(n=1)"
940 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bpl{reverse off}=branch if n-bit is clear(n=0)"
950 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bvs{reverse off}=branch if v-bit is set(v=1)"
960 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bvc{reverse off}=branch if v-bit is clear(v=0)":GOSUB63000
965 ms$="relatives?":GOSUB63100
970 PRINT"{clear}":PRINTp$:PRINTsd$"some of the bits of the {reverse on}p{reverse off}rocessor"
980 PRINT"{down}status register can be set(=1), and"
990 PRINT"{down}some can be cleared(=0).":GOSUB63000:GOSUB39100
1000 PRINT"{reverse on}clv{reverse off}=clears o{reverse on}v{reverse off}erflow":POKEp(1),176:GOSUB63000:GOSUB39100
1005 POKEp(1),32
1010 PRINT"{reverse on}clc{reverse off}=clears {reverse on}c{reverse off}arry":POKEp(7),176:GOSUB63000:GOSUB39100
1015 POKEp(7),32
1020 PRINT"{reverse on}cld{reverse off}=clears {reverse on}d{reverse off}ecimal mode flag":POKEp(4),176:GOSUB63000
1025 ms$="what flag?":GOSUB63100:GOSUB63000:GOSUB39100:POKEp(4),132
1030 PRINT"{reverse on}cli{reverse off}=clears {reverse on}i{reverse off}nterrupt flag":POKEp(5),176:GOSUB63000
1035 ms$="{reverse on}what flag!{reverse off}":GOSUB63100:POKEp(5),137:GOSUB63000:GOSUB39100
1040 PRINT"{clear}"sd$"altogether now..":PRINTp$
1050 POKEp(0),14:POKEp(1),22:POKEp(4),4:POKEp(5),9:POKEp(6),26:POKEp(7),3
1055 GOSUB63000
1060 GOSUB39100:PRINT"{reverse on}n{reverse off}={reverse on}n{reverse off}egative flag bit.":POKEp(0),PEEK(p(0))+128
1061 GOSUB63000
1070 PRINTsd$"{down*2}{reverse on}v{reverse off}=o{reverse on}v{reverse off}erflow flag bit.":POKEp(1),PEEK(p(1))+128:GOSUB63000
1080 PRINTsd$"{down*4}{reverse on}d{reverse off}={reverse on}d{reverse off}ecimal mode flag bit.":POKEp(4),PEEK(p(4))+128
1081 GOSUB63000
1090 PRINTsd$"{down*6}{reverse on}i{reverse off}={reverse on}i{reverse off}nterrupt flag bit.":POKEp(5),PEEK(p(5))+128
1091 GOSUB63000
1100 PRINTsd$"{down*8}{reverse on}z{reverse off}={reverse on}z{reverse off}ero flag bit.":POKEp(6),PEEK(p(6))+128:GOSUB63000
1110 PRINTsd$"{down*10}{reverse on}c{reverse off}={reverse on}c{reverse off}arry flag bit.":POKEp(7),PEEK(p(7))+128
1115 GOSUB63000
1120 POKEp(2),214:ms$="{reverse on}not used!!{reverse off}":GOSUB63100
1125 GETz$:IFz$=""THENPOKEp(2),32:GOTO1120
1130 POKEp(3),130:GOSUB39100:PRINT"when the 6510 gets a {reverse on}break{reverse off} command"
1140 PRINT"{down}(which is {reverse on}00{reverse off}) "
1150 PRINT"{down}the {reverse on}b{reverse off}reak bit is set(b=1)":GOSUB63000:POKEp(3),130
1160 ms$="command=00":GOSUB63100:GOSUB63000
1170 PRINT"{clear}just in case you're wondering.."
1180 PRINT"{down}the {reverse on}6510{reverse off} has a {reverse on}decimal{reverse off} mode whereby"
1190 PRINT"{down}arithmetic operations are performed"
1200 PRINT"{down}assuming all numbers are {reverse on}not{reverse off} in decimal"
1210 PRINT"{down}but rather in {reverse on}b{reverse off}inary {reverse on}c{reverse off}oded {reverse on}d{reverse off}ecimal!"
1220 PRINT"{down}if we want to operate in 'decimal"
1230 PRINT"{down}mode' we must set the {reverse on}d{reverse off}-flag to '1':"
1240 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}sed"
1250 PRINT"{down}to get out of this mode we clear the"
1260 PRINT"{down}decimal mode flag to '0':"
1270 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}cld":GOSUB63000
1280 PRINT"{clear}further..the {reverse on}6510{reverse off} can be interrupted"
1290 PRINT"{down}by lowering the voltage on one of it's"
1300 PRINT"{down}pins..the {reverse on}irq{reverse off} or i{down}{left}{cm u}{up}nterrupt r{down}{left}{cm u}{up}eq{down}{left}{cm u}{up}uest pin."
1310 PRINT"{down}(external devices do this to the 6510"
1320 PRINT"all the time!)"
1330 PRINT"{down}when the 6510 gets an {reverse on}irq{reverse off} it stops"
1340 PRINT"{down}what it's doin'{.*3}services the"
1350 PRINT"{down}interrupting device..then returns"
1360 PRINT"{down}from the interrupt to continue.":GOSUB63000
1370 PRINT"{clear}for example, every jiffy(=1/60 second)"
1380 PRINT"{down}the 6510 interrupts whatever it's doin'"
1390 PRINT"{down}and updates the internal clock,checks"
1400 PRINT"{down}the keyboard to see if you're pressing"
1410 PRINT"{down}the {reverse on}stop{reverse off} key, etc."
1420 PRINT"{down}whether or not the 6510 will let itself"
1430 PRINT"{down}be interrupted depends upon a magic"
1440 PRINT"{down}bit in the {reverse on}p{reverse off}-register."
1450 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}guess which one?!!":GOSUB63000
1460 PRINT"{clear}"p$:POKEp(0),14:POKEp(1),22:POKEp(3),2:POKEp(4),4:POKEp(5),137
1470 POKEp(6),26:POKEp(7),3
1480 PRINTsd$"you bet!"
1490 PRINT"{down}if the {reverse on}i{reverse off} bit is clear(=0) the 6510"
1500 PRINT"{down}will {reverse on}let{reverse off} itself be interrupted."
1510 PRINT"{down}if i=1 however it will {reverse on}not{reverse off}!"
1520 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}sei{reverse off} will set i=1"
1530 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}cli{reverse off} will clear i=0"
1540 GOSUB63000
1550 PRINT"{clear}so, if you want the 6510 to ignore"
1560 PRINT"{down}interrupts (including the poor guy"
1570 PRINT"{down}banging on the {reverse on}stop{reverse off} key!)"
1580 PRINT"{down}start your program with {reverse on}sei{reverse off} and,"
1590 PRINT"{down}{.*3}to avoid any violence{.*3}"
1600 PRINT"{down}(eventually) end it with {reverse on}cli{reverse off}.":GOSUB63000
1610 PRINT"{clear}{reverse on}and then there are subroutines{reverse off}:"
1620 PRINT"{down}if we write lo-o-ong machine language"
1630 PRINT"{down}programs (using an assembler so we"
1640 PRINT"{down}don't have to enter the hex bytes"
1650 PRINT"{down}into memory but can use assembly"
1660 PRINT"{down}language) then it's convenient to"
1670 PRINT"{down}break up our long program into wee"
1680 PRINT"{down}pieces=subroutines."
1690 PRINT"{down}Qin basic we'd say: {reverse on}gosub 1{0*3}{reverse off}"
1700 PRINT"{down}Qin assembler we'd say: {reverse on}jsr $1234"
1710 PRINT"{down}Qwhich translates to: {reverse on}20{reverse off} {reverse on}34{reverse off} {reverse on}12{reverse off}"
1720 PRINT"{down} in machine language!":GOSUB63000
1730 PRINT"{clear}basic subroutines must end in {reverse on}return{reverse off}"
1740 PRINT"{down}so the program can go back from where"
1750 PRINT"{down}it was 'called'."
1760 PRINT"{down}in assembler we end subroutines with"
1770 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}rts{reverse off}={reverse on}r{reverse off}e{reverse on}t{reverse off}urn from {reverse on}s{reverse off}ubroutine:{down*2}"
1780 PRINT"$1{0*3} {reverse on}lda #$00 "
1781 PRINT"$1002 {reverse on}jsr $1234{reverse off}{sh asterisk}{cm s}"
1782 PRINT"$1005 {reverse on}{-*5}{space*4}{reverse off} {sh -}"
1783 PRINT"{space*6}{reverse on}{-*5}{space*4}{reverse off} {sh -}"
1784 PRINT"{space*6}{-*5}{space*5}{sh -}"
1785 PRINT"{space*6}{-*5}{space*5}."
1786 PRINT"$1234 {reverse on}*****{space*4}{reverse off}{arrow left}{cm x}subroutine"
1787 PRINT"{space*6}{reverse on}*****{space*4}"
1788 PRINT"{space*6}{reverse on}rts{space*6}"
1789 ms$="there..and":GOSUB63100:GOSUB63002
1790 PRINT"{home}{down*11}"
1791 PRINT"$1002 {reverse on}jsr $1234{reverse off}{space*3}"
1792 PRINT"$1005 {reverse on}{-*5}{space*4}{reverse off}{arrow left}{cm s}"
1793 PRINT"{space*6}{reverse on}{-*5}{space*4}{reverse off} {sh -}"
1794 PRINT"{space*6}{-*5}{space*5}{sh -}"
1795 PRINT"{space*6}{-*5}{space*5}."
1796 PRINT"$1234 {reverse on}*****{space*4}{reverse off} {sh -}{space*10}"
1797 PRINT"{space*6}{reverse on}*****{space*4}{reverse off} {sh -}"
1798 PRINT"{space*6}{reverse on}rts{space*6}{reverse off}{sh asterisk}{cm x}":ms$="back again":GOSUB63100:GOSUB63000
1800 PRINT"{clear}just one more command{.*3}":GOSUB63000
1805 PRINT"{clear}":PRINTa$p$
1810 PRINTsd$"{reverse on}lda #$d3{reverse off}":n$="11010011":GOSUB63010:GOSUB40110
1820 n$="1{0*7}":GOSUB40120:GOSUB63000:pp=300
1830 PRINTsd$"{down}{reverse on}ror{reverse off}=rotate right":n$="01101001":GOSUB63010
1835 POKEp(7),32:PRINT"{home}{down*5}"TAB(37)"0"
1836 PRINTsd$"{down*3}carry bit removed for safe keeping":GOSUB63000
1840 PRINT"{home}{down*3}"SPC(17)"{sh -}{down}{left}{cm z}{sh asterisk*19}{cm x}{up}{left}^";:POKEp(7),49
1845 GOSUB40096:PRINT"{home}{down*3}"cl$:PRINTcl$
1846 PRINTsd$"{down*5}{reverse on}a{reverse off}-register rotated ..into carry!":GOSUB63000
1850 PRINT"{home}{down*4}{right*3}^{down}{left}{cm z}{sh asterisk*34}":POKEa(0),48
1860 PRINTsd$"{down*7}carry bit stuffed into msb of {reverse on}a{reverse off}.":GOSUB63000
1870 PRINT"{clear}..and there's {reverse on}rol{reverse off} which also"
1880 PRINT"{down}involves the {reverse on}c{reverse off}arry bit..":GOSUB63000
1890 PRINT"{clear}suppose we want to {reverse on}jsr $1234"
1900 PRINT"{down}but also want to retain all the numbers"
1910 PRINT"{down}in the 6510 registers, after returning"
1920 PRINT"{down}from the subroutine."
1930 PRINT"{down}we can {reverse on}push{reverse off} all the registers onto"
1940 PRINT"{down}the {reverse on}stack{reverse off} which consists of several"
1950 PRINT"{down}memory locations in {reverse on}ram{reverse off}..$100-$1ff."
1960 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}pha{reverse off}=push the a-register onto the stack"
1970 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}php{reverse off}=push the p-register onto the stack":GOSUB63000
1980 PRINT"{clear}to push the x and y registers we:"
1990 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}txa{reverse off} {reverse on}pha{reverse off} and {reverse on}tya{reverse off} {reverse on}pha{reverse off}."
2000 PRINT"{down}so..we:"
2010 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}pha{reverse off} {reverse on}php{reverse off} {reverse on}txa{reverse off} {reverse on}pha{reverse off} {reverse on}tya{reverse off} {reverse on}pha"
2020 PRINT"{down}then..{reverse on}jsr $1234."
2030 PRINT"{down}later, after {reverse on}rts{reverse off}, we want all"
2040 PRINT"{down}those numbers back in the registers."
2050 PRINT"{down}so we {reverse on}pull{reverse off} them from the stack"
2060 PRINT"{down}in the {reverse on}reverse order{reverse off}{!*3}"
2070 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}pla{reverse off} {reverse on}tay{reverse off} {reverse on}pla{reverse off} {reverse on}tax{reverse off} {reverse on}plp{reverse off} {reverse on}pla":GOSUB63000
2080 PRINT"{clear}the stack is a nice place to store"
2090 PRINT"{down}bytes temporarily. if we want to"
2100 PRINT"{down}exchange the contents of memory loc'ns"
2110 PRINT"{down}$2{0*3} and $3{0*3} then we can:"
2120 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}lda $2{0*3}{reverse off} {reverse on}pha{reverse off} {reverse on}lda $3{0*3}{reverse off} {reverse on}sta $2{0*3}"
2130 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}pla{reverse off} {reverse on}sta $3{0*3}":ms$=" {reverse on}slick!{reverse off}":GOSUB63000:GOSUB63100
2140 PRINT"{clear}{reverse on}you{reverse off} determine what the following"
2150 PRINT"{down}subroutine does..":GOSUB63000
3000 PRINT"{clear}., 6{0*3} a2 00{space*4}ldx #$00
3001 PRINT"., 6002 bd 00 04 lda $0400,x
3002 PRINT"., 6005 48{space*7}pha
3003 PRINT"., 6006 bd 40 05 lda $0540,x
3004 PRINT"., 6009 9d 00 04 sta $0400,x
3005 PRINT"., 600c 68{space*7}pla
3006 PRINT"., 600d 9d 40 05 sta $0540,x
3007 PRINT"., 6010 bd a0 04 lda $04a0,x
3008 PRINT"., 6013 48{space*7}pha
3009 PRINT"., 6014 bd e0 05 lda $05e0,x
3010 PRINT"., 6017 9d a0 04 sta $04a0,x
3011 PRINT"., 601a 68{space*7}pla
3012 PRINT"., 601b 9d e0 05 sta $05e0,x
3013 PRINT"., 601e e8{space*7}inx
3014 PRINT"., 601f d0 e1{space*4}cpx #$a0
3015 PRINT"., 6021 d0 df{space*4}bne $6002
3016 PRINT"., 6023 60{space*7}rts
3020 m=6*4096:FORi=mTOm+35:READk:POKEi,k:NEXT
3030 DATA162,0,189,0,4,72,189,64,5,157,0,4,104,157,64,5,189,160,4
3040 DATA72,189,224,5,157,160,4,104,157,224,5,232,224,160,208,223,96
3050 u$="":v$="{reverse on}":FORi=1TOwd-1:u$=u$+"*":v$=v$+" ":NEXT
3055 PRINTbt$"{up*4}{reverse on}you can try it!"
3100 GOSUB63000:PRINT"{clear}";:FORi=1TO4:PRINTu$:NEXT:FORi=1TO4:PRINTv$:NEXT
3110 PRINT"{home}{right*13}{reverse on}end of tutor7{reverse off}{down*3}"
3115 ms$="{reverse on}au revoir!{reverse off}"
3120 FORi=1TO10:SYS6*4096:FORt=1TO500:NEXT:NEXT:GOSUB63100
3125 FORi=1TO10:GETz$:NEXT:PRINTbt$"{up*6}sys6*4096{up*3}":END
10000 PRINT"{clear}":PRINTp$:PRINTsd$"Qthe z-bit is set to '1'"
10010 PRINT"{down}if every bit of a 'result' is {reverse on}00{reverse off}.":GOSUB63000
10020 POKEp(6),177:GOSUB63000:PRINTsd$"{down*4}";
10030 PRINT"Qz=0 if a 'result' is not{down}{left*3}{cm u*3}{up} zero.":POKEp(6),176
10040 GOSUB63000
10050 PRINT"{clear}":PRINTp$:PRINTsd$"and the {reverse on}carry{reverse off} bit.."
10060 PRINT"{down}where's the carry bit!!":FORt=1TO10:PRINTCHR$(14);
10070 FORt1=1TO50:NEXT:PRINTCHR$(142);:FORt1=1TO50:NEXT:NEXT
10080 GOSUB63000:POKEp(7),131:GOSUB63000:RETURN
20000 PRINT"{clear}{down*3}here's the set of {reverse on}6510{reverse off} commands:"
20010 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}adc{reverse off} {reverse on}and{reverse off} {reverse on}asl{reverse off} {reverse on}bcc{reverse off} {reverse on}bcs{reverse off} {reverse on}beq{reverse off} {reverse on}bit{reverse off} {reverse on}bmi{reverse off} {reverse on}bne"
20020 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}bpl{reverse off} {reverse on}brk{reverse off} {reverse on}bvc{reverse off} {reverse on}bvs{reverse off} {reverse on}clc{reverse off} {reverse on}cld{reverse off} {reverse on}cli{reverse off} {reverse on}clv{reverse off} {reverse on}cmp"
20030 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}cpx{reverse off} {reverse on}cpy{reverse off} {reverse on}dec{reverse off} {reverse on}dex{reverse off} {reverse on}dey{reverse off} {reverse on}eor{reverse off} {reverse on}inc{reverse off} {reverse on}inx{reverse off} {reverse on}iny"
20040 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}jmp{reverse off} {reverse on}jsr{reverse off} {reverse on}lda{reverse off} {reverse on}ldx{reverse off} {reverse on}ldy{reverse off} {reverse on}lsr{reverse off} {reverse on}nop{reverse off} {reverse on}ora{reverse off} {reverse on}pha"
20050 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}php{reverse off} {reverse on}pla{reverse off} {reverse on}plp{reverse off} {reverse on}rol{reverse off} {reverse on}ror{reverse off} {reverse on}rti{reverse off} {reverse on}sbc{reverse off} {reverse on}sec{reverse off} {reverse on}sed"
20060 PRINT"{down}{reverse on}txa{reverse off} {reverse on}sta{reverse off} {reverse on}stx{reverse off} {reverse on}sty{reverse off} {reverse on}tax{reverse off} {reverse on}tay{reverse off} {reverse on}tya{reverse off} {reverse on}tsx{reverse off} {reverse on}txa"
20070 PRINT"{down}..and {reverse on}txs{reverse off}!":GOSUB63000
20080 ms$="impressive":GOSUB63100
20090 GOSUB63000:RETURN
39000 PRINT"{home}";:FORi=1TO17:PRINTcl$:NEXT:PRINT"{home}";:RETURN
39100 PRINTsd$;:FORi=1TO15:PRINTcl$:NEXT:PRINTsd$;:RETURN
40096 POKEa(7),32:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT:FORi=7TO1STEP-1:POKEa(i-1),32
40097 POKEa(i),VAL(MID$(n$,i,1))+48:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT:NEXT:RETURN
40098 POKEa(0),32:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT:FORi=0TO6:POKEa(i+1),32
40099 POKEa(i),VAL(MID$(n$,i+1,1))+48:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT:NEXT:POKEa(7),48:RETURN
40110 FORi=0TO7:POKEa(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
40111 POKEa(i),VAL(MID$(n$,i+1,1))+48:NEXT:RETURN
40120 FORi=0TO7:POKEp(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
40121 POKEp(i),VAL(MID$(n$,i+1,1))+48:NEXT:RETURN
40130 FORi=0TO7:POKEx(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
40131 POKEx(i),VAL(MID$(n$,i+1,1))+48:NEXT:RETURN
40140 FORi=0TO7:POKEy(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
40141 POKEy(i),VAL(MID$(n$,i+1,1))+48:NEXT:RETURN
40160 FORi=0TO7:POKEm(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
40161 POKEm(i),VAL(MID$(n$,i+1,1))+48:NEXT:RETURN
41120 FORi=0TO7:POKEp(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
41121 POKEp(i),PEEK(a(i)):NEXT:RETURN
41130 FORi=0TO7:POKEx(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
41131 POKEx(i),PEEK(a(i)):NEXT:RETURN
41140 FORi=0TO7:POKEy(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
41141 POKEy(i),PEEK(a(i)):NEXT:RETURN
41160 FORi=0TO7:POKEm(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
41161 POKEm(i),PEEK(a(i)):NEXT:RETURN
41340 FORi=0TO7:POKEa(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
41341 POKEa(i),PEEK(x(i)):NEXT:RETURN
41360 FORi=0TO7:POKEm(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
41361 POKEm(i),PEEK(x(i)):NEXT:RETURN
41410 FORi=0TO7:POKEa(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
41411 POKEa(i),PEEK(y(i)):NEXT:RETURN
41460 FORi=0TO7:POKEm(i),160:FORtt=1TOpp:NEXT
41461 POKEm(i),PEEK(y(i)):NEXT:RETURN
60000 r$="{cm a}{sh asterisk}{cm r}{sh asterisk}{cm r}{sh asterisk}{cm r}{sh asterisk}{cm r}{sh asterisk}{cm r}{sh asterisk}{cm r}{sh asterisk}{cm r}{sh asterisk}{cm s}{down}{left*17}{sh -}{sh space}{sh -}{sh space}{sh -}{sh space}{sh -}{sh space}{sh -}{sh space}{sh -}{sh space}{sh -}{sh space}{sh -}{sh space}{sh -}{down}"
60001 r$=r$+"{left*17}{cm z}{sh asterisk}{cm e}{sh asterisk}{cm e}{sh asterisk}{cm e}{sh asterisk}{cm e}{sh asterisk}{cm e}{sh asterisk}{cm e}{sh asterisk}{cm e}{sh asterisk}{cm x}"
60002 a$="{home}{down} {reverse on}a{reverse off}{up}"+r$:p$="{home}{down}{right*21}{reverse on}p{reverse off}{up}"+r$
60003 x$="{home}{down*4} {reverse on}x{reverse off}{up}"+r$:y$="{home}{down*4}{right*21}{reverse on}y{reverse off}{up}"+r$
60004 m$="{home}{down*7}{right*21}{reverse on}m{reverse off}{up}"+r$
60005 cr$="{home}{down*6}{cm a}{sh asterisk}{cm s}{down}{left*3}{sh -}{right}{sh -}{down}{left*3}{cm z}{sh asterisk}{cm x}"
60006 cc$="{home}{down} {reverse on}a{reverse off}{sh -}{down}{left*3} {down}{left} {down}{left} {down}{left} {down}{left}{space*3}{down}{left*3}{space*3}{down}{left*3}{space*3}{up}{space*12}"
60007 wd=40:crt=1024:PRINTCHR$(142)
60008 FORi=0TO7:a(i)=crt+wd+3+2*i:p(i)=a(i)+20:x(i)=a(i)+3*wd:y(i)=x(i)+20
60009 m(i)=y(i)+3*wd:NEXT:c=crt+7*wd+1
60010 sd$="{home}{down*9}":cl$="":FORi=1TOwd-1:cl$=cl$+" ":NEXT
60011 bt$="{home}":FORi=1TO24:bt$=bt$+"{down}":NEXT
60012 c$=cr$+"{home}{down}{cm a}{sh asterisk}{cm w}{down}{left*3}{sh -}{down}{left}{sh -}{down}{left}{sh -}{down}{left}{sh -}{down}{left}{cm q}{down}{right*4}{arrow left}carry bit"
60019 ml$="{home}{down*9}{right*27}"
60020 bt$="{home}":FORi=1TO24:bt$=bt$+"{down}":NEXT
60021 pt$="{red}{cm a}{sh asterisk*10}{cm s}{down}{left*12}{sh -}{right*10}{sh -}{down}{left*12}{cm z}{cm r}{sh asterisk*8}{cm r}{cm x}"
60022 pt$=pt$+"{down}{left*13}N{cm t*12}M{down}{left*14}{cm g}{=*12}{cm m}"
60023 pt$=pt$+"{down}{left*14}PO{cm t*10}PO{up*4}{left*12}"
60024 pt$=bt$+"{up*6}{right*26}"+pt$+"{black}"
60025 PRINTCHR$(142)
60099 pp=50
60100 RETURN
63000 PRINTbt$cl$;:FORtt=1TO50:NEXT
63001 PRINTbt$"{reverse on}return{reverse off} to continue";:FORtt=1TO50:NEXT
63002 GETz$:IFz$<>""THEN63002
63003 GETz$:IFz$=""THEN63003
63004 RETURN
63010 PRINTbt$cl$;:FORtt=1TO50:NEXT
63011 PRINTbt$"{cm +*8}{reverse on}return to see it happen{reverse off}{cm +*8}";:FORtt=1TO50:NEXT
63012 GETz$:IFz$<>""THEN63012
63013 GETz$:IFz$=""THEN63013
63014 RETURN
63100 FORt=1TO5:PRINTpt$ms$;
63101 PRINTpt$"{space*10}";
63102 PRINTpt$ms$;:NEXT
63103 RETURN
63200 GOSUB63000
63201 PRINTsd$;:FORt=1TO15:PRINTcl$:NEXT:PRINTsd$;:RETURN
63300 GOSUB63100:GOSUB63010:RETURN
63400 PRINT"{home}";:FORi=1TO5:PRINTcl$:NEXT:PRINT"{home}";:RETURN
63999 GOSUB60000:PRINT"{clear}":GOTO3000
stop tok64
(bastext 1.0)